THE International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability, Leadership and Ethics

Leader to Leader – A Hundred Year Old Argument
Andrew Carnegie
In bestowing charity, the main consideration should be to help those who will help themselves; to provide part of the means by which those who desire to improve may do so; to give those who desire to rise the aids by which they may rise; to assist, but rarely or never to do all. Neither the individual nor the race is improved by aims-giving. Those worthy of assistance, except in rare cases, seldom require assistance. The really valuable men of the race never do, except in cases of accident or sudden change. Every one has, of course, cases of individuals brought to his own knowledge where temporary assistance can do genuine good, and these he will not overlook. But the amount which can be wisely given by the individual for individuals is necessarily limited by his lack of knowledge of the circumstances connected with each. He is the only true reformer who is as careful and as anxious not to aid the unworthy as he is to aid the worthy, and, perhaps, even more so, for in aims-giving more injury is probably done by rewarding vice than by relieving virtue.
Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis
“We can have a democratic society or we can have the concentration of great wealth in the hands of a few. We cannot have both.”
“Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
“Throughout the civilized world a developing sense of social responsibility has compelled the community to support in some manner its needy members, whatsoever the cause of their inability to support themselves … In granting this aid we are passing from sporadic, emotional charity to organized charities, and from mere relief to preventive measures.”
John D Rockefeller Jnr
I Believe
I believe in the supreme worth of the individual and in his right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
I believe that every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty.
I believe that the law was made for man and not man for the law; that government is the servant of the people and not their master.
I believe in the dignity of labor, whether with head or hand; that the world owes no man a living but that it owes every man an opportunity to make a living.
I believe that thrift is essential to well ordered living and that economy is a prime requisite of a sound financial structure, whether in government, business or personal affairs.
I believe that truth and justice are fundamental to an enduring social order.
I believe in the sacredness of a promise, that a man’s word should be as good as his bond; that character -- not wealth or power or position -- is of supreme worth.
I believe that the rendering of useful service is the common duty of mankind and that only in the purifying fire of sacrifice is the dross of selfishness consumed and the greatness of the human soul set free.
I believe in an all-wise and all-loving God, named by whatever name, and that the individual’s highest fulfillment, greatest happiness, and widest usefulness are to be found in living in harmony with His will.
I believe that love is the greatest thing in the world; that it alone can overcome hate; that right can and will triumph over might.
Milton Friedman
I share Adam Smith's skepticism about the benefits that can be expected from "those who affected to trade for the public good"–this argument must be rejected on grounds of principle. What it amounts to is an assertion that those who favor the taxes and expenditures in question have failed to persuade a majority of their fellow citizens to be of like mind and that they are seeking to attain by undemocratic procedures what they cannot attain by democratic proce­dures. In a free society, it is hard for "evil" people to do "evil," especially since one man's good is another's evil.

New Academy Review: Volume 2 Number 2 
Summer 2003

The so-called “open market economy” is only open to some. Aung San Suu Kyi The notion of a 24/7 commitment to the job makes it harder than ever to combine parenting and career for men as well as women. Pat Thane Social entrepreneurship is emerging as an innovative approach for dealing with complex social needs. Sherrill Johnson Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has failed so far to heal the schizophrenia in the boardroom. Anita Roddick Perhaps the campaign we should now be fighting is for anti-ageism legislation, Eileen Rubery The collapse of geographical and sectoral walls and conventions has changed the very nature of competition. Phil Blackburn	Contents A View from the Chair Anita Roddick Notes from the Edge Tom Cannon Views from the Board The Fourth Sector Uffe Elbaek Entrepreneurial Economics Piero Formica    Leader to Leader Debating points E-Learning and the battle against Ageism Craig Pickering Refereed Papers Extracting the Evidence: Partnership and Social development- Experience from the Extractive Industries Rory Sullivan Expectations of Corporate Responsibility - Perspective from the Global mining industry  - David Birch Social Entrepreneurship Literature Review Sherrill Johnson Changing Roles & New Leadership The New Leadership Phil Blackburn Changing Roles: the work-life conundrum Girton College Conference Introduction Louise Braddock Keynote Address: Women Graduates and “Work-Life Balance”  Pat Thane Commentaries: Gender & the Work-Life Conundrum Eileen Rubery Three Perspectives Marilyn Strathern The Career and its Role in Conceptions of the Good Life John Cottingham Should we Trade with Burma? John Pilger interviews Aung San Suu Kyi Case Studies When governments circumvent their own regulations: RuthMcKay The link between ethics & business New Academy of Business Creating demand for Corporate Responsibility Movement in Ghana Joseph Yaw Boateng Web Initiatives Parting Shots Developing the Corporate Responsibility Professional David Grayson   Book Reviews Whats On About the Author Notes for Writers Technical Information
Dame Anita Roddick I, for one, didn’t set out to change the way business operates. I just wanted a means to support myself and my two daughters. When I first applied for a loan to start a small hair-and-skin-care shop in Brighton in 1976, the man behind the desk looked as if I’d asked him to shave his head. A woman? Running a business? How preposterous, he obviously thought. Weeks later, I went back to the same bank with my husband in tow. We had the loan in minutes. That banker could not see beyond his own nose. My company went on to show how business can done differently worldwide, showing that women can indeed run successful businesses, and that businesses can indeed have compassion – and just plain passion – at heart instead of pure profit motive. Many people had said it was not possible. Today The Body Shop is among the most recognized and admired brands in the world, with shops in over 50 countries, and fair trade agreements in a dozen more benefiting local communities in some of the poorest places on earth. Time and again I was told it couldn’t be done, that it would not work, that I was insane. I was not limited in my thinking to believe that business was just financial science; I sensed that it was about trading and bringing your heart to the workplace.
Social Entrepreneurship Literature Review Abstract The concept of ‘social entrepreneurship’ has been rapidly emerging in the private, public and non-profit sectors over the last few years, and interest in social entrepreneurship continues to grow.   Currently, the non-profit sector is facing intensifying demands for improved effectiveness and sustainability in light of diminishing funding from traditional sources and increased competition for these scarce resources.  At the same time, the increasing concentration of wealth in the private sector is promoting calls for increased corporate social responsibility and more proactive responses to complex social problems, while governments at all levels are grappling with multiple demands on public funds. Sherrill Johnson, Canadian Centre for Social Entrepreneurship	Corporate Social Responsibility: In Italian Small/Medium Enterprises ABSTRACT This article presents the results of a study on the state of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Italian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). It was carried out on a sample of 427 companies which employed from 20 to 250 workers and included seven technical areas: the relationship with personnel, corporate governance, the state of health, safety and respect for the environmental, relations with the community, the relationship with customers and suppliers, CSR instruments and CSR awareness. From many points of view the results were encouraging although there are some areas where SMEs have weak points. In particular there is strong concentration of decisional power in the hands of the company head, limited career possibilities for women, little interest in voluntary environmental projects, little knowledge about new forms of ‘partnership’ with the community and social marketing and little use of the typical instruments of CSR. On the other hand, many areas show that social values are written into the DNA of Italian SMEs. This is shown above all by their personnel relationships, strong integration with the local community, and the importance given to the ethical control of the supply chain. In the final part of the article, we have made some suggestions of how to intensify the social responsibility of Italian SMEs, which are also relevant in a European context. Mario Molteni, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Director of ISVI (Institute for Business Values)
When governments circumvent their own regulations: The link between ethics and business Abstract Consistent and accountable ethical practices are essential to the long-term survival of those handling toxic waste. The introduction of the Superfund legislation (Environmental Protection Agency, 2003) in the United States and the concept of long-term liability have dramatically and positively changed the approach to toxic waste disposal within the United States. However, the legislation, while vastly improved from that in existence 30 years ago, still has gaps. This case examines a toxic waste disposal company whose management makes ethics a central component of their business success. The company’s niche is a reflection of an industry that continues to be challenged by questionable practices. This two-part case examines the issue of shipping toxic waste to Canada in order to circumvent the land ban regulations in the United States. Ruth B. McKay, Assistant Professor, Niagara University, College of Business	Women Graduates and ‘Work-Life Balance’ Abstract The purpose of the article is to demonstrate how much highly and expensively trained talent and skill among women is lost to, or under-used by, the community and the economy due to the failure to adopt more flexible working practices which would enable parents (male and female) to combine good parenting and productive work, both paid and unpaid. The data from the large survey of female graduates of Girton College, Cambridge, indicates that very many of the graduates themselves have long been willing to adopt flexible working practices and have embraced them when they have become available. The problem therefore lies on the side of management practices rather than on the side of female choices to abandon serious careers following parenthood. Pat Thane, Leverhulme Professor of Contemporary British History, University of London Gender and the Work-Life Conundrum Abstract The author’s research focuses on the effects of societal and demographic changes on career opportunities and actual career patterns and the opportunities that increasing flexibilities in career patterns may provide for women. The findings of the Girton Life Study, which shows that, overall, women from Girton did not reach such senior positions after graduating as men from other Cambridge Colleges, are considered in the context of work by Coffey et al on women who have achieved leadership positions in their careers and the possible increases in flexibility that increased life expectancy might have on ways of managing the ‘work – life’ conundrum. Eileen Rubery, Cambridge University